What holds the vertebrae together?

The vertebrae of the spine are held together primarily by ligaments, which are tough, fibrous connective tissues that connect bones to other bones. Ligaments provide stability and support to the spine, allowing it to maintain its structure while also permitting a certain degree of movement and flexibility.

In the spine, specific ligaments such as the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments run along the length of the vertebral column, anchoring adjacent vertebrae together and supporting the spine during various activities, such as bending and twisting. The presence of ligaments is crucial for maintaining proper alignment and preventing excessive movement that could result in injury.

While tendons connect muscles to bones, cartilage serves as a cushion between joints and can be found in the intervertebral discs between the vertebrae. Muscles do play a role in supporting the spine, but they do so indirectly by stabilizing the vertebrae through movement and force production. The primary function of holding the vertebrae together is fulfilled by ligaments.